İSVİÇRE LOZAN || 2. EVİM || HADİ BİRLİKTE GEZELİM (Mayıs Ayı 2024)
İsviçre'nin batısındaki Vaud kantonunun başkenti olan Cenevre Gölü'nün (Lac Léman) kuzey kıyısındaki Lozan; Jorat yüksekliklerinin güney yamaçlarında inşa edilen rakımı, göl limanı Ouchy'de 1,240 ft (en yüksek noktası olan Le Signal'da 2,122 ft) arasındadır. Daha önce şehir merkezinden akan Flon ve Louve iki kısa akarsu doldurulmuş ve çok sayıda çöküntü bırakılmıştır; sonuç olarak, Lozan birçok bağlantı seviyesine dayanan tepelik bir görünüme sahiptir.
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Eski Kelt Lozanı veya Lausonna aslen mevcut şehrin güneybatısındaki gölün kıyısındaydı. Alemanni'nin (c. 379) işgali sırasında, sakinler yukarıdaki Cité bölgesine bir yerleşim inşa ederek yukarıdaki tepelere sığındılar. 590'da Aventicum'lu Piskopos Marius (şimdi Avenches) orada piskoposluğunu kurdu. Yerleşme sonunda Burgonya Bourg yerleşim yeri ile Flon üzerinden ve batıdaki Saint-Laurent kilisesinin etrafında bir koloni ile birleşti. 12. yüzyıldan kalma Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu'nun prensleri olan piskoposlar, Lozan, Pays de Vaud'un geri kalanıyla Protestan Reformunu tanıtan Bernese tarafından fethedilen 1536'ya kadar büyük zamansal güçlerini korudu. Bernese işgali 1798'e kadar sürdü,ve Lozan 1803'te Napolyon Helvetic Cumhuriyeti'nin yeni Vaud kantonunun başkenti oldu.
Two major international treaties were signed at Lausanne: between Italy and Turkey in 1912 and between Turkey and the Allies of World War I in 1923. In 1932 a conference was held in Lausanne to liquidate reparations payments by Germany to the Allied powers. In 1964 it was the site of the Swiss National Exhibition, held every 25 years in a different Swiss city.
Historic buildings include the early Gothic Cathedral of Notre-Dame, consecrated in 1275 by Pope Gregory X in the presence of the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf I of Habsburg; the Saint-François Church, erected during the same period but partly rebuilt in the late 14th century; and the city hall (rebuilt 1674). The castle, now housing the Historical Museum of the Ancient Bishopric, is the only vestige of the 13th-century residences of the bishops. The Château Saint-Maire (1397–1431), the former bishop’s castle, is now the seat of the cantonal government. More recent landmarks are the Palais de Rumine (1903), the principal building of the university, which also houses the cantonal museums, and the federal court of justice (1927), seat of the Swiss Supreme Court.
Lausanne rivals Geneva as the intellectual and cultural centre of French Switzerland. Its university (1891) originated as a theological academy in 1537. The city was the birthplace of the noted Swiss literary figures Benjamin Constant de Rebecque, Alexandre Vinet, Juste Olivier, and Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz and of the philosopher Charles Secrétan. Many famous European men of letters, including Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Charles Dickens, and Edward Gibbon, resided there.
The headquarters of the International Olympic Committee are at Lausanne, and an Olympic Museum, surrounded by a public park, opened in 1993. Lausanne is also the site of the Federal Polytechnic Institute (founded 1853, present status 1969) and of the annual national fair Comptoir Suisse.
A junction for railway lines from Geneva, Fribourg, Bern, and Vallorbe (for Paris), Lausanne gained greatly in commercial importance when the opening of the Simplon Tunnel in 1906 placed it on the great international route from Paris to Milan. Principal industries include the manufacture of machinery, precision instruments, and metal products, along with printing and food processing. The city is also an important tourist and convention centre. Pop. (2007 est.) city, 118,049; urban agglom., 313,074.
